This blog feature amusing and heartwarming stories about our late Leonberger dog Bronco, as well as other Leonbergers. It also has a lot of information about the Leonberger breed, the history, care, training, Leonberger organizations, etc. I also wrote a Leonberger book, which I am featuring in the sidebar.
Category: Non-Leonberger Topics
Other topics not necessarily related to Bronco, Leonbergers or dogs.
What we saw today. Solar Eclipse Stock Photo ID: 2344355767 by aeonWAVE
When I made my blog post Dallas On April 8 2024 I promised to follow up with what happened. We had a small solar eclipse barbeque. It was just me and my wife, our daughter, grandpa and grandma and our dog Rollo. Our daughter dressed up Rollo in a vampire dog cap and put bows on the beer glasses, my wife prepared the food, and I grilled chicken and hot dogs. Then we enjoyed the show. It was a great show, and we were lucky with the weather.
Grilling and drinking a Westvleteren 12 a Belgian Ale Quadrupel from Brouwerij de Sint-Sixtusabdij van Westvleteren in Belgium, ABV 10.2%.Our patio table. The little brown packages contain AAS / ISO certified solar eclipse glasses.Our daughter holding a Westvleteren 12 glass with a bow. Grandpa and grandma in the background.Rollo our mini-Australian Shepherd on the patio.
The Partial Eclipse
It was partially cloudy during the partial eclipse, but we were able to get a good look at the eclipse as it progressed. To see the partial eclipse, you have to use good solar eclipse glasses. It is primarily for safety reasons, but it is also pointless to look at the sun during a partial eclipse. You won’t see the eclipse because the powerful light from the sun overwhelms your view. I had a little filter that was placed in front of my phone camera as I took a few pictures. Admittedly they were pretty bad. I have an old Samsung Galaxy S8+ but even using newer phones it is difficult to get decent photos of something like this. This is why I need to invest in a real camera.
Partial eclipse photo taken with my old Samsung Galaxy phone and a filter.
The Total Eclipse
1:40PM Dallas time the total solar eclipse happened and luckily it was not covered by clouds. At this point it suddenly got dark and it was safe to look straight at the sun without using the eclipse glasses. The total eclipse lasted four minutes. I have included a shutter stock photo below which closely represents what we actually saw. We saw a black circle and around the black circle was a wispy white fog like light. This was the sun’s corona and it shone with about the same power as the full moon. It kind of looked like a black hole. Our phone cameras distorted what we saw quite a bit, especially mine. The corona was blown up to 3 times its actually size and it looked messy, perhaps because it got dark. One thing this photo does not show is that the stars came out, which provided us with a little surprise.
What we saw today. Solar Eclipse Stock Photo ID: 2344355767 by aeonWAVE
The Venus Surprise
Below is a photo my daughter took with her phone. The sun looks tiny (it wasn’t) and the corona is overblown and does look like it actually did. However, you can see a star looking object down on the right above and on the left of the cloud and left of the airplane contrail. I used the Google Sky Map App to find out what star it was, but it wasn’t a star. It was the planet, Venus. It was located straight south high in the sky three quarters to zenith. I have certainly never seen Venus in that position in the sky before, and it was unusually luminous as well. I’ve seen Venus many times low in sky in the west soon after sundown (then called the evening star) and I’ve seen Venus many times low in sky in the east in the morning (then called the morning star), but never like this. The total solar eclipse provided an unexpected Venus show.
Total solar eclipse photo that my daughter took. Can you find Venus?
Total Eclipse Photos
These eight pictures above were taken with cell phones by my daughter Rachel, Denise Mosier-Wanken, and Margaret Weiss Bloebaum.
Since it is St. Patrick’s Day today, I thought I’d make a post about beer.
Me drinking Irish Goodbye an Irish Red Ale from Peticolas Brewery Dallas, Texas, ABV 6.5%. Photo taken today.
Bland pale mass produced lagers often made with low quality ingredients are very common now a day. Examples are Corona, Bud Light, Heineken, Miller Light, etc. However, there are many other beer styles. For example, there are:
Lagers:
Pale Lager that is not mass produced and not containing low quality ingredients
Dark Lager including Schwarzbier (essentially black)
Red/Amber Lager
Pilsner
Adjunct Lager
Rice Lager
Vienna Lager
India Pale Lager
Ales:
Stouts
Porter
Pale Ale
IPA / India Pale Ale (the second most popular beer style)
Hefeweizen
Kristallweizen
Witbier
Irish Red Ale (what I am drinking above)
Saison
Wild Ale
Lambic
Geueze
Gose
Smoked beer
Belgian Blonde Ale
Steam Beer
Kvass
Gruit
And much more
The beer advocate counts 120 beer styles of which I’ve had 107 so far. Beer advocate features around 250,000 different beers.
The BOMB! From Prairie Artisan Ales, Tulsa, Oklahoma, ABV 13%. It is a so-called Imperial Stout, an extra strong stout and extra flavorful stout.
Generally speaking, beers are classified into two main types of beers, lagers and ales, or perhaps lagers and ales plus other beers. Steam beers are hard to classify and Lambics you don’t refer to as ales even though they technically are ales. Stouts, porters, hefeweizen, pale ales, IPAs, Wild Ales, Lambics are all ales. In the short list above, everything below Vienna Lager are ales.
Atrial Rubicite is a world class Wild Ale from Jester King Brewery, Texas, my favorite Texas brewery. Wild Ales are fermented using wild yeast, which often gives them a fruity flavor. In this case they also added raspberries. It is considered the best raspberry Wild Ale in the world. I was once waiting for hours in a long line just to buy two bottles (the maximum allowed).
Lager beer is a relatively recent invention that originated in Bavaria. Lager beers use a special kind of yeast for the fermentation process, it is typically bottom fermented, and fermented and conditioned in cool temperatures, unlike other beer styles. Lager beers can be of many colors, pale, amber, dark, even black such as Schwarzbier. The Pale Lager originated in Pilsen in Bohemia (Western Czech Republic) in the mid-19th century. The pale lager has become the world’s most common beer style and bland tasting mass-produced pale lager beers dominate the market. In countries that are not traditional beer countries such as France, Italy, China, Japan and South America, the bland pale lager is very dominant. I’ve come across many people who think that the more tasteless the pale lager is, the better beer it is (people who love Corona).
An American style mass produced Adjunct Lager from India. Adjunct lager means that they used ingredients such as corn and rice, which is not typical for higher quality lager beers. It wasn’t great, it was watery, but good with very spicy food. But then, water is probably best with very spicy food.
Stout is a dark, top-fermented beer / Ale style. Sub styles include dry stout, oatmeal stout, milk stout and imperial stout. It is derived from the Porter, which originated in London, England in the early 1720s. Stout is basically a stronger and more flavorful porter. However, there is no clear distinction between porter and stout. I am sure you have heard of Guinness Stout, a very Irish beer. Imperial stouts are extra strong, full bodied and flavorful stouts. Below is an imperial stout, which interestingly enough is not dark brown or black but golden/amber.
El Cuerro is a so-called White Stout from Lone Pint Brewery, Texas, ABV 7.8%. The flavor is roasted malts, coffee and chocolate. I think it is pretty good.
IPAs, India Pale Ales is an extremely popular Ale that is typically flavorful and quite bitter. It is in a sense an anti-Lager. It is the beer style that I drink the most. The IPA is a type of Ale (fermented at warm temperatures, unlike, for example, lagers). It is typically a Pale Ale (exceptions are black IPAs). It was invented in England in the early 1800’s and became popular for exportation to India. It is characterized by its higher content of hops and the level of alcohol is often higher as well. More hops and more alcohol made it easier to preserve the beer for the trip to India.
This is an India Pale Ale that I brewed at home. I call it “It’s Fine. I’m Fine. Everything is Fine.” An artist friend of mine, Breanna, made the labels.
As I mentioned there are a lot of beer styles. One of the lesser-known ones is smoked beers. Smoked beer, or Rauchbier, is a type of beer with a distinctive smoke flavor imparted by using malted barley dried over an open flame. It goes great with barbecue. Below is an example of the style that I’ve had quite often.
Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier Märzen from Braurei Heller Bamberg, ABV 5.1%. It is a so called Rauchbier. The barley malts have been kilned over a fire of beech wood logs, giving it a smokey flavor. The flavor is smokey, very smokey malts or toasted bread, maybe smoked ham. I think it is delicious.
If you are paying attention to beer, you may have heard about “Trappist beers”. This is very special category that is not referring to a beer style, but by who makes it. Trappist beer is brewed by Trappist monks. There are tens of thousands of breweries in the world but there are only 13 Trappist breweries in the world. Trappist beers are considered to be very special. The most highly praised of the Trappist beers is Westvleteren 12 from Brouwerij Westvleteren founded in 1838 at the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus in Vleteren, Belgium. Westvleteren 12 is a so called Quadrupel Belgian Ale. It is often said that Quadrupel means that it has been re-fermented four times, but it is often not true. However, quadruple means that it is a stronger, darker and more flavorful. Westvleteren 12 is extremely difficult to buy but I have been able to get my hands on several.
Westvleteten 12 is a Belgian Ale Quadrupel ABV 10.2% (Trappist). I think the taste is like raisin bread, dark fruits, plum, raisin, and some yeast and dark bread bitterness. There is a very small hint from the alcohol that adds nicely to the overall flavor. I love this beer.
I think my favorite type of lagers are Märzen and my favorite Ales are IPAs.
Do you have a favorite Lager? Do you have a favorite Ale?
I read today that Elon Musk said that “memory loss is a thing of the past”. It was an advert for a drug. True or not, in the past I’ve had severe memory loss. At the age of 22 I had Amnesia as a result of a ski accident in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria in Germany. But I remember it as if it was yesterday. So, in my case you can say that “memory loss is a thing of the past”.
I had what is called post traumatic amnesia, which fortunately is temporary. Shutterstock ID: 1685660680 by MattL_Images
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a beautiful Bavarian town, and it is one of the most famous German ski resorts. Zugspitze Germany’s highest mountain is nearby Garmisch-Partenkirchen providing for an impressive scenery. I was there with a large group of Swedish friends, and we stayed at a youth hostel. As is typical for a youth hostel men and women were separated. What was a bit unusual were all the loudspeakers.
Zugspitze Germany’s highest mountain. Photo by op23 on Pexels.com
Achtung! Achtung. Sei jetzt ruhig.
At 10:00PM on our first evening at the youth hostel the loudspeakers came on and someone started shouting “Achtung! Achtung. Sei jetzt ruhig. Alle Gäste müssen gehen und sich die Zähne putzen. Musik ist verboten. Die Lichter beginnen zu dimmen.” We had to be quiet and go brush our teeth. The lights started dimming and women and men had to go to their quarters. The loudspeaker came on every now and then barking orders at us in German and all windows and doors were locked electronically. Being from Sweden we followed orders, but we were laughing about it. Suddenly new voices started shouting in the loudspeaker. It was younger sounding voices. It was still in German but this time we were told to rebel against the hotel management, we were told to refuse to go to bed, and they started singing fighting songs in German. Then, suddenly the loudspeakers went quiet. The hotel management was back. We all had to go to bed. Well, it was budget lodging after all.
The town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Photo by op23 on Pexels.com
The Ski Accident
What happened the next day I do not remember myself, but this is what I have been told. I decided to go down an icy double black diamond slope despite the sign saying that the conditions were dangerous. I fell badly, hit my head (I had no helmet), and I got a severe shoulder displacement. My arm was hanging on my back. I went looking for my skis and tried to put them back on, but some Germans came down to stop me. They were screaming at me and calling me crazy. An ambulance was called, and they sent snowmobiles to pick me up. However, the snowmobiles were unable to get there so they got a pist-machine to get me instead. I had no pain, but I was confused, and I discovered my severe shoulder displacement about 10 times before I got to the hospital. I was equally shocked every time I noticed the condition of my arm. I had no short-term memory, and I had forgotten my friends and most other things.
This is me in the ski slope when I was young. This is not Garmisch-Partenkirchen, it is Breckenridge, Colorado, but I don’t have any photos of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
My memories come back
The next 2-3 days after the accident are essentially gone. However, I remember my friends coming into my room asking me questions such as “what’s my name?”, “do you remember where we are?”. I kind of liked all the attention I got but I understood that something was not right. No one knew whether I would ever get my memory back and going though immigration and customs might be an issue when you are, well out of it. The leader and organizer of the trip was very upset. However, my memories came back very quickly within just a few hours on the second or third day of amnesia. I have to admit I was happier when I couldn’t remember anything. I can add that my left arm was in a cast.
My memories and my brain came back to normal. Photo by KATRIN BOLOVTSOVA on Pexels.com
A shocking discovery of what’s under my bed
Under my bed I found a thick book on Statistical Mechanics. At first, I did not know what it was, but then I unfortunately remembered. I had a final exam in Statistical Mechanics after our vacation. Statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities. More specifically, you do statistical calculations over large sets of atoms and molecules to figure out the macro condition of the corresponding gas or material. For example, temperature corresponds to the average kinetic energy of atoms, entropy is the natural logarithm of the number of real microstates corresponding to the gas’s macrostate, often loosely referred to as the disorder of the system.
In 1905 Albert Einstein proved the existence of molecules and atoms using statistics and an observed phenomenon called Brownian motion. Shutterstock ID: 2334052703
Statistical Mechanics includes classical Statistical Mechanics as well as its Quantum Mechanical counterpart, which is a lot more abstract and complicated. The class I was taking covered both. Some important scientists in the field are James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, Paul Ehrenfest, Albert Einstein, and Satyendra Nath Bose. If you love statistics and complicated mathematics, then Statistical Mechanics might be for you but more likely it will just kill your enthusiasm.
The epic opening of the first paragraph in David L. Goodstein’s States of Matter, a textbook on Statistical Mechanics.
My Exam
Once I was back in Sweden, I went to see my professor, and I explained the situation to him: “hello professor, I had a ski accident, hit my head, and I lost my memory. My amnesia made me forget statistical mechanics.”. He could also see that my left arm was in a cast. I said, “could I take the exam a little later?” He asked me “are you right-handed or left-handed?” I said, “I am right-handed”. The professor answered, “well then you take the exam on time like everybody else”. It wasn’t what I wanted to hear but I took it and I passed but not with flying colors.
Have you had Amnesia?
If you were a teacher, would you accept amnesia as an excuse for postponing an exam?
This post is a brief reminder of the total solar eclipse happening April 8, 2024. Dallas, Texas, where I live, will experience totality, and the total time in totality in Dallas will be 3 minutes and 51 seconds (1:40:43 PM CDT to 1:44:34 PM CDT), one of the longest durations across the country. If you are content with just a partial eclipse you can see that from any of the 48 states, and it will last for hours. This event is less than two months away.
Path of totality (total solar eclipse). I am allowed to use this image as long as I link back to the National Eclipse. Click on the image to visit the National Eclipse.Alternative map showing the path of totality from Travel + Leisure.
According to those who have experienced a total solar eclipse it is a lot more profound experience than a partial solar or an annular eclipse. A partial eclipse is definitely cool. You can see the crescent shadows of tree leaves and if you have the right glasses, you can see the sun partially covered by the moon. However, it won’t get dark. In a total solar eclipse, it will get dark, and many say that the birds will stop singing, it will become quiet. This is the last total solar eclipse in the United States until 2044. It will be my first total solar eclipse (I saw a partial in 2017). Hopefully the weather will cooperate.
Overview of path of totality and partial solar eclipse worldwide. Public domain – NASA. Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak.Gif animation illustrating totality and extent of partial solar eclipse. Official work for NASA.My solar eclipse glasses that I bought on Amazon.
Click here or here to read more about the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024.
The India Pale Ale, or IPA, is a very popular beer style, at least among beer connoisseurs. It is the beer style that I drink the most. The IPA is a type of Ale (fermented at warm temperatures, unlike, for example, lagers). It is typically a Pale Ale (exceptions are black IPAs). It was invented in England in the early 1800’s and became popular for exportation to India. It is characterized by its higher content of hops and the level of alcohol is often higher as well. More hops and more alcohol made it easier to preserve the beer for the trip to India.
Double Yellow Rose ABV 10.0%, IBU 90 (left) and Yellow Rose, ABV 6.8%, IBU 62 (right) both from Lone Pint, Magnolia, Texas. The flavor of both beers is mango, pineapple, orange, blueberry and then there is a grapefruit rind and pine resin like bitterness. The Double Yellow Rose has more pine resin like bitterness at the end. They are both delicious and so are the saffron/St.Lucia buns.
The aroma of the IPA is often floral, piney, and fruity, and it is less malty. If the flavor has fruity notes, it comes from the hops. The color can be light yellow, pale golden, reddish amber, brown or black. Just like lagers can be pale golden as well as black, so can IPAs, which combined with the fact that the beer advocate count 120 beer styles, is a good reminder that a broad classification of beers based on only color is not very helpful.
King Sue is a New England style IPA from Toppling Goliath, ABV 7.80%. New England style means that is hazy and the flavor is fruitier with less bitterness than other IPAs (but certainly a lot more bitterness than lagers). The flavor is fruity plus some bitterness. I can taste mango, orange, pineapple, grapefruit and a grapefruit rind bitterness at the end. It is thirst quenching.
I tried to find out what share of the beer market IPAs have in the United States. I could not find that number, but I found out that in 2021 craft beer share of the American beer market was 26.8% and out of that IPAs share of the craft beer market was at least 40% (these two numbers according to statista), or 46% according to one source, which make the IPAs share of the American beer market at least 12.3%. It is probably closer to 20% since craft breweries aren’t the only ones brewing IPAs. I can add that craft beer is beer that is not mass produced, or not owned by large conglomerates. Examples are microbreweries and brewpubs.
Heady Topper from the Alchemist, ABV 8.0%, IBU 100. It is the Imperial IPA that is ranked the highest in the world according to the beer advocate. If you like IPAs it is to die for. I can taste grapefruit and mango, citrus, and then a pine resin like hoppy bitterness. It is juicy, dank, bitter, in a good way, and thirst quenching.
Perhaps those among you who are Americans and were around in the 80’s remember the bitter beer face commercials. At that time beer was supposed to taste as little as possible. Bitter beer was to be avoided according to many. The IPAs have reversed that trend by making IPAs intentionally bitter, more bitter, and oh my golly super bitter having 100+ IBU. IBU stands for International Bitterness Units and brewers of IPAs often brag about the IBU, the more bitter the better. A public poll showed that more people prefer bitter beer over non-bitter beer. Jabberwocky an IPA from Lone Pint below feature 117 IBU. Beyond 100-120 IBU the IBU scale begins to lose its meaning according to Wikipedia.
Jabberwocky from Lone Pint, Magnolia, Texas, ABV 8.5%, a very bitter beer that I love. The flavor is white bread, honey, it’s fruity with tart grapefruit, orange, and a dry tart bitterness like grapefruit rind and pine resin. Jabberwocky is quite bitter at the same time as it is fruity, juicy and dank. I think it is a delicious IPA.
The beer advocate divides the IPA style into American IPA (or Westcoast), Imperial IPA, New England IPA, Black IPA, Belgian IPA, English IPA, Brut IPA, and Milkshake IPA. The American IPA or Westcoast IPA is the most popular of the substyles and the most bitter. Imperial IPA is not really a substyle but just an indicator that it has more of everything including alcohol. The 120 minute IPA from Dogfish Head Brewery, is a very popular Imperial IPA with an ABV of 18%, IBU is 120. It is a bit sweet, very bitter in a good way, and this hides the alcohol, which is a bit dangerous.
It taste sweet, honey, dark fruits, plum maybe, grapefruit and then there’s a significant pine resin bitterness at the end. You can taste some booziness but not much for this ABV and it complements the overall flavor in a warming way.
I wanted to write a post about craft beer, but I realized that putting everything I wanted to say about craft beer into one post would make it a very long post. I am starting with a post about fruity beers, craft beers or otherwise.
First a word about Lager beer. Lager beer is a relatively recent invention that originated in Bavaria. Lager beers use a special kind of yeast for the fermentation process, it is typically bottom fermented, and fermented and conditioned in cool temperatures, unlike other beer styles. Lager beers can be of many colors, pale, amber, dark, even black such as Schwarzbier. The Pale Lager originated in Pilsen in Bohemia (Western Czech Republic) in the mid-19th century. The pale lager has become the world’s most common beer style and bland tasting mass-produced pale lager beers dominate the market. In countries that are not traditional beer countries such as France, Italy, China, Japan and South America, the bland pale lager is very dominant. I’ve come across many people who think that the more tasteless the pale lager is, the better beer it is (Corona).
Many people believe that beer is the same thing as pale lagers. However, the beer advocate counted 120 beer styles (so far). I can add that some mass-produced American pale lagers, such as Budweiser, contain adjuncts, such as rice and maize, which is prohibited by the German Reinheitsgebot tradition. The Reinheitsgebot tradition states that the only ingredients allowed in beer are water, malt, hops, and yeast and for bottom fermented beer (lager) the malt must be malted barley only. Therefore, what many people think of as beer, well, it’s complicated.
Samuel Adams Remastered Lager is a pretty good lager beer.
Beers with fruity flavors
Pale lager beers aren’t associated with fruity flavors, which can lead to the incorrect impression that beer with fruity flavors isn’t real beer. However, beers with fruity flavors have a very long history, and many fruity beers, perhaps surprisingly to some, follow the German Reinheitsgebot tradition. In addition, many beers with fruity flavors are among the most celebrated beers in the world. There are many fruit Lambics (Belgium) that are sold for several hundred dollars per bottle. There are a number of ways to add fruit flavors to beer.
Hops is a flower that is used as a flavoring and stability agent in beer. It has been used since at least the 9th century and is allowed/part of the Reinheitsgebot tradition. There are at least 147 hop varieties in the world, many of them having fruity flavors.
The fermentation process frequently generates esters (in addition to alcohol), a compound responsible for the fruity aromas and flavors in fruit. The amount of fruitiness that you get depends on the yeast and the grain used. For example, German and Belgian wheat beers often have more or less prominent notes of banana or pear due to an ester called Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate. Belgian lambics (not fruit lambics), gueuze, red flanders, and oud bruin beer styles has tart and very fruity flavors without any fruit or fruit juice being added.
The German Berliner Weisse, a wheat beer, gets its fruity and tart flavor from a bacterium. Traditionally no fruit is added. However, now a day it is very common to add fruit or fruit syrup to enhance the fruit flavor.
Sometimes fruity flavors can to some degree be added by aging the beer in, for example, wine barrels, adding notes of wine or grapes.
Naturally you can also add fruit, or fruit juice, to the fermentation process. This is not in accordance with the German Reinheitsgebot tradition but perfectly acceptable among beer connoisseurs. Many of the highest rated beers in the world are so called fruit lambics that have added fruit.
There are other ways to add fruit flavors in beer but above are four very common ones.
Below are some photos of beers with fruit flavors
The day I launched my book I drank 3 Fonteinen Framboos a so-called fruit Lambic. Raspberries were added to the fermentation process, so it does not follow the German Reinheitsgebot tradition. On the other hand, Reinheitsgebot has little meaning outside Germany and that includes Belgium. This beer is rated 100 out 100 on beer advocate and is listed as one of the best beers in the world.Yellow Rose, Lone Pint, Texas, is my favorite SMASH IPA. SMASH stands for Single Malt And Single Hop. IPA stands for India Pale Ale, and flavorful and bitter beer. The Hop in question is Mosaic Hops, which add notes of mango, other tropical fruits, blueberry, and grapefruit.This is a Hefeweizen that I drank at a brewery in Wisconsin. It had strong notes of banana, in other words Isoamyl acetate, an ester generated during the fermentation process. The lemon slice is technically added fruit, but it happened after brewing and after pouring against my wishes.Oude Geuze from 3 Fonteinen, Belgium, is blend of three Lambics. I think the flavor is tart green apple, lemon, grapefruit, white wine, some oak barrel woodiness. It is very fruity, but all the fruit flavor comes from esters generated during the fermentation process. There is no fruit added.This is a so-called Wild Ale from Jester King, Texas. It is more specifically a raspberry Wild Ale. It is fermented using wild yeast (giving it a fruity and tart foundation), and raspberries have been added to the fermentation process. The result is a beer that taste like raspberry jam. It’s tart, sweet, thick body, lots of raspberry flavor. Most people that I’ve seen tasting it have a positive reaction to it. They think it is delicious even though it is not what they expect from a beer.Blue Dream is a so-called Fruited Kettle Sour from Martin Brewhouse, Fort Worth, Texas. Fruited Kettle Sours are a little different from the five examples I gave above. Bacteria is added to the wort to generate acid/tartness, then the bacteria are killed (boiling). Then it is fermented normally and the fruit, in this case blue raspberry, is added after primary fermentation. It was pretty sour, and it tasted like liquid jolly ranchers. The reactions to it were mixed. I liked it though. This type of beer is an American invention.The Silent Blue is another Fruited Kettle Sour from Martin Brewhouse, Fort Worth, Texas. The fruit/berry used in this case was blueberry, but it was also aged in whiskey barrels giving a whiskey aroma and flavor. So, it tasted like blueberry and whiskey, which I think turned out quite good.
Leonberger Life 