When To Neuter or Spay Leonbergers and Other Giant Breeds

It is very common for veterinarians, ASPCA and other animal welfare organizations to recommend that dogs be neutered or spayed between the ages 6-9 months or earlier. Their concern is chiefly to prevent unexpected pregnancies, which causes a lot of suffering and unnecessary euthanasia of dogs. However, not all dogs are the same and this is bad advice for many giant breeds, especially Leonbergers. Neutering or spaying too early can lead to serious health complications. Since the Leonberger community tries to prevent irresponsible dog owners from getting a Leonberger, unexpected pregnancies are less of a concern for Leonberger dogs.

We used to own a Leonberger dog, Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle, and our breeder recommended that we wait until he was at least two years old before neutering him. Many new Leonberger owners must sign a contract promising not to neuter the dog before the age of two. If you want to buy a Leonberger puppy in North America, you should buy the puppy from a breeder that is certified by the Leonberger Club of America (LCA) and to do that you need to go through an interview. You will have a hard time getting a Leonberger any other way.

Our three months old Leonberger puppy is sitting on the floor, looking into the camera. He is wearing a read scarf.
Our Leonberger puppy Bronco at the age of three months.

I should explain that the Leonberger is a rare breed that is closely related to the Saint Bernard. Saint Bernards were used to create the Leonberger in the early 19th century and later it was the other way around when the Leonberger was used to save the Saint Bernard breed. Therefore, Leonbergers and Saint Bernards are genetically similar, they are about the same size, but they don’t look the same. Leonbergers have a characteristic black face while Saint Bernards have a white mask on their face. There are only about 30,000 Leonbergers in the world and only 2,000 Leonbergers in North America. Therefore, the Leonberger community is a small and tightknit community, and it is relatively easy for the Leonberger Club of America (LCA) to keep track of what is going on with the Leonberger dogs.

Our brown Leonberger dog is standing on our red leather sofa and giving me a hug.
Is he ready to be neutered? I mean the dog. This is me (Thomas Wikman) and Bronco when Bronco was not yet full grown (but almost).

With this post I am giving advice and statements originating from various sources that I consider to be reputable such as AKC/club certified breeders of the specific breed in question, the corresponding breed organization/club, such as the Leonberger Club of America, and scientists in the specific field. In my experience veterinarians who care for all kinds of dogs and pets typically do not have knowledge that is breed specific on this issue. To be sure to do the right thing in regard to neutering and spaying your Leonberger, ask your LCA certified breeder.

What Our Leonberger Breeder Told Us About Neutering

When we got our late Leonberger Bronco (Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle) our breeder Julie Schaffert told us to wait with neutering him until he was two years old if possible. Julie Schaffert has been an LCA (Leonberger Club of America) certified breeder since 1992 and is arguably the most prominent Leonberger breeder in North America. After reading a Leonberger book that incorrectly stated that Leonbergers should be neutered at six months, I sent her this question:

Hello Julie, I hope all is well with you and your Leonbergers. I am currently reading a Leonberger book by Vanessa Ritchie. I’ve read dozens of Leonberger books. It is a very good Leonberger book. However, in the middle of page 30 she is saying something that concerned me. She is saying to neuter/spay your Leonberger at 6 months old. I remember you telling us to wait with ours and we waited until significantly passed one years old. Assuming that is correct, this mistake needs to be pointed out and perhaps corrected. Before saying anything, I wanted to make sure that is correct, that spaying/neutering at 6 months old is indeed too early for a Leonberger.

Thank you for any help

Happy New Years

Thomas Wikman

This was her answer

Happy new year. Yes, it’s now recommended that giant dogs not be neutered or spayed until after 2 years. In the old days it was recommended earlier, any time after 6 months. All the new data says wait.

Julie.

Our Leonberger puppy Bronco is sitting and looking into the camera. He is wearing a red scarf, but it is a black and white photo.
The Leonberger puppy that Julie sold to us. Black and White photo.

The reasons we did not wait the entire two years was that our veterinarian at the time wanted to do it sooner and Bronco was dragging furniture around the house because of his excess energy. He was strong, and big, energetic and a bit restless. He was very friendly and harmless, but he had a lot of energy. Perhaps he should have been a home decorator? I should say that knowing what we know now, we would have waited the entire two years.

Our Leonberger Bronco is big and heavy and sitting in my wife’s lap. You can barely see her behind Bronco. They are sitting in a read sofa.
Our Leonberger Bronco at 167lbs sitting in my wife Claudia’s lap.

Research and Expert Advice on Neutering and Spaying

This is an article from the AKC stating that a larger or giant breed may need to wait until they are near or over 12-18 months of age before neutering or spaying. The article also provides the following interesting information.

Research conducted by the University of California – Davis reveals that for some dog breeds, neutering and spaying may be associated with the increased risks of certain health conditions such as joint disorders including hip or elbow dysplasia, cranial cruciate rupture or tear, and some cancers, such as lymphoma, mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. The research conclusions are not surprising. Sex hormones are important in the development of any animal.  We know they affect psychological development as well as the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and the immune system.

I believe this is the University of California – Davis article in question. It is from 2020. Notice that the suggested guidelines for age of neutering is beyond 23 months for several of the giant breeds in the table of 35 breeds. Also notice that the table does not include Leonbergers.

Recommended ages for neutering and spaying for selected dog breeds

Below is a list featuring the recommended ages for neutering and spaying for selected dog breeds based on the research mentioned above.

  • Australian Shepherd, for neutering and spaying it is your choice. The same is true for Pugs.
  • Bernese Mountain Dog, you should neuter beyond the age of 23 months, but for spaying you have a free choice.
  • Boxer, neuter and spay beyond the age of 23 months.
  • Boston Terrier, neuter beyond 11 months, but for spaying you have a free choice.
  • Doberman Pincher, never neuter, and you need to spay beyond the age of 23 months.
  • German Shepherd, neuter and spay beyond the age of 23 months.
  • Labrador Retriever, neuter beyond 6 months and spay beyond 11 months.
  • Corgi, neuter beyond 6 months, but for spaying you have a free choice.
  • Great Dane, despite being a very large dog you have a free choice for both neutering and spaying.
  • Rottweiler, neuter beyond 11 months, but for spaying beyond 6 months.
A mini-Australian Shepherd puppy is peeking out behind a sofa chair.
Our mini-Australian Shepherd puppy Rollo. You can neuter this breed at an earlier age.
Left to right, our beige pug Daisy, our black and white Japaneses Chin Ryu, and then our big Leonberger Bronco.
Our Pug Daisy, Japanese Chin Ryu and Leonberger Bronco. You can neuter or spay Pugs at an earlier age.

Additional Information on Neutering and Spaying Various Dog Breeds

Hillhaven Leonbergers in Ireland recommend not neutering your Leonberger until at least 2 years of age. They warn against doing it at 6 months old, despite what some veterinarians may recommend.

I did not find an on-line Leonberger Club of America recommendation but this old 2011 article from the Leonberger Club of America states: Because the Leonberger is a slow maturing breed in general, most breeders will ask puppy owners to wait a year or so before altering their puppies, to allow bones to develop more fully.

The photo shows six Leonbergers wearing party hats. They are sitting next to each other and looking into the camera.
Caspian (Obi’s nephew), Austin (Obi’s son), Delfi, Obi (now 7 and a veteran), Digory, and Rilian (Obi’s son). Photo by Jen O’Keefe and Ira Van Order, prominent members of the Leonberger Club of America who allowed me to use this photo.

I did find an article from the Saint Bernard Club of America. The Saint Bernard is genetically similar to the Leonberger. This article states: Above all, no giant breed puppy should be altered before the growth plates in the bones have matured and closed, usually between 15 and 24 months of age.

The photo shows a Saint Bernard dog wearing a little barrel of maybe cognac. In the background there are tall mountains.
Saint Bernard Stock Photo ID: 1713912484 by fred12

This Newfoundland dog magazine states : Currently, the recommended age that a Newfoundland dog should be neutered is 18 to 24 months due to the possible health problems that can arise from altering before that age. The Newfoundland is another dog that is genetically similar to the Leonberger.

A black Newfoundland dog is standing with his front paws on a tree stump. There is a forest in the background.
Newfoundland dog Stock Photo ID: 1925281937 by Marsan

Conclusion

So, in conclusion, even though the expert advice regarding neutering and spaying varies a bit, it is clear that neutering and spaying at six months old is too early for Leonbergers and many other giant breeds. It can harm their Leonberger.

About Thomas Wikman

Thomas Wikman is a retired software / robotics engineer with a background in physics. He has a PhD in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering. He is the author of two blogs, first this blog Leonberger Life which is focused on a rare but amazing dog breed called Leonberger. He has also written a book titled The Life and Times of Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle, which feature his Leonberger’s crazy adventures as well as information about the Leonberger breed and how to care for giant dog breeds. His second blog superfactful , is a fun but educational blog that is focused on finding facts that are important and yet surprising or disputed by people who are not well informed on the topic. This blog features myth busting as well as facts that will blow your mind.

Do You Know About Super Facts

With this post I just wanted to highlight my other blog superfactful. The purpose of that blog is to find facts that are important and true with very high certainty and yet disputed by many amongst the public (but not scientists/experts), surprising to many, and perhaps shocking. Imagine telling a medieval peasant who believes that Earth is flat like a pancake that it is closely spherical. That Earth is not flat like a pancake is true with a very high certainty (BTW nothing outside of logic and math is absolutely 100%), it is kind of important, and would probably be surprising to him. Maybe he’ll call it BS, but that is the point.

I call these kinds of facts SUPER FACTS, and I am the super fact hunter. I am trying to make the blog fun and educational. I use reputable sources to back up my claims that I hope will shock many without resorting to clickbait. It is not an academic blog, but I am linking to thousands of academic sources. Below I am listing my five last super facts. To see the full post, you have to click on the links.

Wind Energy is Indeed Clean Energy

Superfact 87: Wind energy is a clean, renewable, and sustainable power source that produces no atmospheric emissions or water pollution during operation. Manufacturing and installation have a small carbon footprint that is much smaller than the carbon footprint of the fossil fuels they potentially replace.

The graph depicts death rates and greenhouse gas emissions per unit for different energy sources including coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, hydropower, wind, nuclear power, and solar.
“What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?” Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: ‘https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260202-100556/safest-sources-of-energy.html’ [Online Resource] (archived on February 2, 2026).

Click here to read the post

Early Homo Sapiens lived at the same time as many other human species

Super fact 86 : Early humans, early homo sapiens, lived at the same time as many other human species including Neanderthals, Denisovans, Homo floresiensis, Homo naledi, Homo luzonensis. Homo heidelbergensis, Homo erectus, and maybe other species as well.

Photo of a reconstruction of a Neanderthal man.
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal by Natural History Museum. Werner Ustorf, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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The Evolution of Whales is No Longer a Mystery

Super fact 85 : Scientists recognized that whales descended from land animals already in the 19th century. However, it was not until the 1980’s that intermediate fossils for whale evolution were found. In addition, molecular and genetic / DNA studies showed that Hippopotamus and whales were closely related. Until then the evolution of whales was a bit of a mystery and creationists frequently mocked the lack of intermediate fossils for whale evolution.

All living cetaceans including whales, dolphins, porpoises, sperm whales and hippopotamids / hippopotamus belong to a suborder of artiodactyls called whippomorpha. Just like humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor hippopotamus and whales have a common ancestor.

Click here to read the post

Birds are Avian Dinosaurs

Super fact 84 : Modern birds are classified as part of the clade Dinosauria. They are direct descendants of small, feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs that survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Maniraptoran dinosaurs in turn are a major subgroup of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. In other words, birds are avian dinosaurs.

A colorful velociraptor covered in feather. It does not look like it could fly.
Velociraptor with feathers (well a little bit). Shutterstock Asset id: 2636534673 by Shutterstock AI Generator

Click here to read the post

Shared False Memories Are Common – Mandela Effect

Super fact 83 : Everyone experiences false memories. They are a normal part of how human memory works and are very common. There are also false memories that are shared among large groups of people and that are often socially reinforced. This is called the Mandela effect.

Pop art style comic book panel doubtful wondering woman can't tell reality from fantasy, daydreaming, dreams, delusion, vector illustration. She says “W-Was … it … just a dream?!?”
Shutterstock Asset id: 717504940 by durantelallera

Click here to read the post

Click here to visit my list of super facts

Feel free to check out my other blog if you haven’t yet done so

Prediction Failures and My Lucky Day from Hell

Zodiac signs and astrology with constellations, concepts, predictions, horoscopes, beliefs. Behind a circle of zodiac signs is man with his hands held around the circle zodiac signs as if it is a crystal ball for prediction.
Zodiak signs. Shutterstock Asset id: 2643593485 by Cinemanikor

Today is the first time I participate in Linda Hill’s streams of consciousness. To read about the rules and participate click here.

Today’s prompt for Stream of Consciousness Saturday is “starts with ‘pre’.” Find a word that starts with “pre” and use it any way you’d like. The word I chose is “Prediction” and this post is about failed predictions. The first rule is: there should be minimal planning and no editing except typos. The picture above was what showed up in the middle when I searched “Astrology Prediction” on Shutterstock (I have an account). I picked it without looking too carefully at any other picture. As for the writing I am just letting it flow as MS Word corrects my typos for me. I already read one other person’s blog who has linked back their post, and I posted the SoCS Badge below. I hope I am getting it right.

The badge features a twig with rain drops and it says Stream of consciousness Saturday #SoCS
2019-2020 SoCS Badge by Shelley!

My Lucky Day from Hell

These events took place in northern Sweden when I was about 14-15 years old. My dad was building a summer cabin, or rather a summer house at the time. My brother and I was helping him. Summer cabins, or summer houses, are very common in Sweden. Almost everyone has one, by a lake, a river, by the sea, or up in the mountains. He had asked me to put up a wall, and he had given me instructions for how to do it. I was determined to do a good job.

The magazines I used to read at the time had horoscopes in them and the horoscope for this day predicted that it would be my lucky day. This made me excited. I was certain I would do a great job. After all my horoscope predicted it would be my lucky day. What could go wrong on my lucky day?

I should say that I was a bit skeptical of horoscopes. They were vague and did not seem to be able to predict anything, and they certainly seemed to get my personality wrong. However, the lucky day prediction was a pretty specific prediction, so I took it to heart.

To build the wall I needed to predict how many planks to put up, and calculate the best distance between them, so building the wall involved some predictions, not the astrology kind, but the mathematical kind. I proceeded to build the wall. I predicted it would take a couple of hours. Unfortunately, it turned out my predictions / calculations were wrong. I started over but I made another mistake with my predictions and had to start over. My predictions were going wrong and I started to become frustrated. I continued to build and tear down the wall several times but on the seventh time I exploded in anger.

I randomly grabbed an axe that was lying on the ground, and I shook it and swung it around as I was running around in the yard screaming in rage. I don’t know if any of the neighbors saw me. Maybe they did and hid in a cellar or a basement. I hit the axe in a random place in the yard and to my surprise the earth swallowed up almost the entire axe. I guess I was strong.

Almost immediately water started gushing up from the ground. I had accidentally cut the waterpipe to the summer house. The waterpipe was buried in the yard and I had no idea. Water quickly filled up the yard until it looked like a shallow swimming pool. That’s when my dad came home. The wall was not finished, planks were laying everywhere, there was water gushing up in the middle of the yard, and the yard was inundated with water. He said something along the lines of “My God what happened here?”. He was angry and disappointed, and he had to call people to come and help us with the mess. It was sort of an emergency.

So much for my mathematical predictions, calculations, and so much for my Horoscope predicting about my lucky day.

I can add that I remember this incident because I recently left a comment about this unfortunate occurrence on someone’s blog. It is the first time I do this so please tell me if I got something wrong. Now it is Saturday here, so I am posting.

What about you? Have you had a lucky day from Hell?

National Love Your Pet Day

I was alerted to the existence of National Love Your Pet Day by this post. Because I was busy all day I did not get a chance to post anything until now. However, it is still National Love Your Pet Day here where I live.

National Love Your Pet Day is an annual observance dedicated to celebrating animals. With this post I just wanted to show some photos of our current dog the mini-Australian Shepherd Rollo and our past dogs the Labrador Baylor (mix ¼ Rhodesian Ridgeback), the German Shepherd Baby, our big Leonberger Bronco, or Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle, our Japanese Chin Ryu and our Pug Daisy. We love(d) them all and will forever be in our hearts.

Photos of our Dogs

My wife, opening the trunk of our red van as Baylor, our Labrador is preparing to jump.
My wife Claudia and our first family dog the Labrador Baylor. This was back in the day. Our niece gave us Baylor because she was going to college. In turn she had gotten him from a shelter. He was a mix, one quarter Rhodesian Ridgeback and three quarters Yellow Labrador. He was able to jump up into the trunk of our van. Baylor was my first dog (not my wife’s first dog), and he taught me a lot about being a dog parent.
The photo shows a yellow labrador swimming in the middle of an Olympic sized pool.
Our Labrador Baylor is swimming in Claudia’s parents pool. He loved swimming, and he loved that pool and swam in it a lot.
A dark brown and black German Shepherd walking around in a dog park.
Our German Shepherd Baby at the dog park.
Two dogs looking into the camera. An old yellow Labrador on the left and the dark brown and black German Shepherd on the right.
Our Labrador Baylor and our German Shepherd Baby. Baylor was older in this picture. We had just gotten our Leonberger Bronco.
The photo shows a Leonberger puppy wearing a red scarf. He is looking into the camera.
This is our Leonberger Bronco (Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle) at three months old.
Our Leonberger dog is standing on a red leather sofa, and he is leaning over to give me a hug.
Bronco our Leonberger dog was a very affectionate dog.
Three dogs sitting on the floor, a Leonberger, a Japanese Chin and a Pug.
Our Leonberger Bronco (Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle), our Japanese Chin Ryu, and our Pug Daisy in the front right.
Three dogs running. On the left and unknown dog, in the middle a yellow Lab and on the right a Japanese Chin.
At the White Rock Lake dog park. Baylor our Labrador in the middle. He was old in this photo. Our Japanese Chin Ryu on the right.
The photo shows a Pug in the front left and a black and white Japanese Chin in the back to the right.
Our Pug Daisy and our Japanese Chin Ryu.
Our Japanese Chin Ryu is licking our beige pug Daisy’s ear. She is sitting in front of a vent.
Our Pug Daisy often sat in front of vents when she was cold. Daisy and our Japanese Chin Ryu were very close, like a couple. Daisy was obviously grieving when Ryu died, from cancer a bit early at only ten years old. Bronco was grieving as well.
Daisy our beige pug is lying over the back of our beige leather sofa.
Daisy is exhausted after doing nothing for a whole day.
A big Leonberger splayed across a big wide red leather sofa.
Our Leonberger Bronco sleeping on our big red leather sofa.
Our Leonberger dog Bronco is standing in front of me and looking straight into the camera. I am sitting down.
Our old Leonberger dog Bronco is coming up to me. Maybe it is dinner time.
The photos show a cage containing two dogs, a black and white mini-Australian Shepherd and an English Bulldog.
In December of 2018 we picked up our mini-Australian Shepherd Rollo. His friend was an English Bulldog.
The photo shows a mini-Australian Shepherd puppy on the floor and behind him is our big Leonberger Bronco.
Our Leonberger Bronco is welcoming Rollo.
The photo shows a young mini-Australian Shepherd puppy and beige pug on a black spotted blanket.
Our pug Daisy and Rollo are saying hello.
The photo shows a dark brown and white mini-Australian Shepherd puppy sitting on a beige tile floor.
Our mini-Australian Shepherd puppy Rollo at 3 months old.
The photos show a mini-Australian Shepherd puppy play fully lying on his side in front of our Leonberger Bronco.
Our mini-Australian Shepherd puppy Rollo and our Leonberger Bronco.
The photo shows a mini-Australian Shepherd standing on a chair and having his front paws on the table.
Our mini-Australian Shepherd Rollo at the table on his seventh birthday. This is a more recent picture, from October of this year.
Two Leonbergers standing next to each other and wearing party headwear typical for a carnival.
Digory and Obi two old sweetheart Leonbergers sending all of your pets their love and sending all of you their love as well. Photo by Jen O’Keefe a friend.

Love Your Pets Every Day

Feel free to add links to your posts about pets in the comments. There is a maximum of two links per comment (how it is set up) so if you want to post many links you need to spread it out over many comments. I am late so don’t worry your comment being late. Any day is fine.

False Memories Strange Memories Unpleasant Memories and Amnesia

Esther’s writing prompt: February 18 : Memories

Click here or here  to join in.

Image showing a disintegrating brain.
I had what is called post traumatic amnesia, which fortunately is temporary. Shutterstock ID: 1685660680 by MattL_Images

I have false memories, memories of things I know never happened. Not too long ago I made a post on my other blog about false memories and collective false memories, referred to as the Mandela Effect. You can read about that here. In addition to false memories I have memories that are strange, but that I know happened. I also have gaps, or holes in my memory. Memories that are lost to amnesia.

It all goes back to a ski accident that I had at the age of 22. We were a group of youngsters who rented a bus and drove from Sweden to Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria in Germany. Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a beautiful Bavarian town, and it is one of the most famous German ski resorts. Zugspitze, Germany’s highest mountain is nearby Garmisch-Partenkirchen providing for an impressive scenery.

Mountains in the background. The town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the foreground.
The town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Photo by op23 on Pexels.com

I love skiing and I challenged myself by skiing fast and selecting difficult slopes but on one of the days I made a very bad decision. I have no memories of what follows in this paragraph. It is what I have been told. There was a steep double black diamond slope with a sign stating that the conditions were dangerous and not to go down this slope. I did it anyway, and I fell badly, hit my head (I had no helmet), and I got a severe shoulder displacement. My arm was hanging on my back. I went looking for my skis and I tried to put them back on to continue skiing, but some Germans came down to stop me.

An ambulance was called, and they sent snowmobiles to pick me up. However, the snowmobiles were unable to get there, so they used a pist-machine to pick me up instead. On the way down I discovered my shoulder displacement several times. I was equally shocked every time. That’s how they knew that my short term memory was gone. I also had no pain sensation.

Photo of Zugspitze.
Zugspitze Germany’s highest mountain. Photo by Oskar Gross on Pexels.com
Me standing in the ski slope in Breckenridge leaning on a sign that says “Caution”
This is me in the ski slope when I was young. This is not Garmisch-Partenkirchen, it is Breckenridge, Colorado, but I don’t have any photos of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Amnesia

The next few days after the accident I suffered from amnesia. I did not remember where I was or my friends. I should say I still remembered my name. The first 2-3 days after the accident are essentially gone. However, I remember my friends coming into my room asking me questions such as “what’s my name?”, “do you remember me?”, “do you know where we are?”. The leader of the trip was devastated, and she was allegedly crying all day. You can say that I ruined the trip for everyone.

False Memories

On the way down to Germany, at the German border we changed out our studded tires because studded tires are not allowed on the autobahn. As my memories started to return on the third day after the accident my friends asked me what happened at the German border. I told them that we had studded tires (that part was correct) and that we all took pliers and removed the studs (that part was false). The funny thing is, to this day I remember us walking around the bus with pliers and removing studs. However, I know this never happened. How did that false memory get implanted in my head?

Strange Memories

I also have some strange memories from that trip that according to my friends happened. We stayed at a youth hostel. It was nice but it had a strange feature. There were loudspeakers in all the hallways. At 10:00PM on our first evening at the youth hostel the loudspeakers came on and someone started shouting in German “Achtung! Achtung! All guests must now wash their faces and brush their teeth and the lights started dimming and women and men had to go to their quarters. Music is forbidden. The loudspeaker came on every now and then barking orders at us in German and all windows and doors were locked electronically. Being from Sweden we followed orders, but we were laughing about it.

Suddenly new voices started shouting in the loudspeaker. It was younger sounding voices. It was still in German but this time we were told to rebel against the hotel management, we were told to refuse to go to bed, and they started singing fighting songs in German. Then, suddenly the loudspeakers went quiet. The hotel management was back. We all had to go to bed. It sounds like a false memory, but this one is real. Well, it was budget lodging after all.

Unpleasant Memories of Statistical Mechanics

Ludwig Boltzmann, who spent much of his life studying statistical mechanics, died in 1906, by his own hand. Paul Ehrenfest, carrying on the work, died similarly in 1933. Now it is our turn to study statistical mechanics.
The epic opening of the first paragraph in David L. Goodstein’s States of Matter, a textbook on Statistical Mechanics.

The epic opening above from the textbook says : Ludwig Boltzmann, who spent much of his life studying statistical mechanics, died in 1906, by his own hand. Paul Ehrenfest, carrying on the work, died similarly in 1933. Now it is our turn to study statistical mechanics.

One day I found a book on Statistical Mechanics under my bed, and some very unpleasant memories came back to me. I had a final exam in Statistical Mechanics after our vacation. Statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

More specifically, you do statistical calculations over large sets of atoms and molecules to figure out the macro condition of the corresponding gas or material. For example, temperature corresponds to the average kinetic energy of atoms, and entropy refers to the logarithm of the number of microstates compatible with the system’s measurable macroscopic state, often loosely referred to as the disorder of the system. Statistical Mechanics includes classical Statistical Mechanics as well as its Quantum Mechanical counterpart, which is a lot more abstract and complicated.

Picture showing molecules of various sizes moving fast.
In 1905 Albert Einstein proved the existence of molecules and atoms using statistics and an observed phenomenon called Brownian motion. Shutterstock ID: 2334052703

Once I was back in Sweden, I went to see my professor, and I explained the situation to him: “hello professor, I had a ski accident, hit my head, and I lost my memory. My amnesia made me forget statistical mechanics.”. He could also see that my left arm was in a cast. I said, “could I take the exam a little later?” He asked me “are you right-handed or left-handed?” I said, “I am right-handed”. The professor answered, “well then you take the exam on time like everybody else”. It wasn’t what I wanted to hear but I took it, and I passed but not with flying colors.

It may seem like my professor was a bit harsh. However, I was later thinking that maybe he had a lot of students coming into his office claiming head injuries with amnesia. It was after all a final exam in statistical mechanics.

My Other Responses to Esther’s Prompts

Letting Your Dog Drive the Car

Esther’s writing prompt: February 11 : Drive

Click here or here  to join in.

A photo of a Leonberger puppy wearing a red scarf.
This is a photo of our Leonberger Bronco when he was three months old.
Our Leonberger dog is standing on a red leather sofa, and he is leaning over to give me a hug.
Bronco our Leonberger dog was a very affectionate dog.
On the left is our yellow Labrador Baylor and on the right is our brown and black German Shepherd. They are both lying down and looking into the camera.
Our Labrador Baylor and our German Shepherd Baby. Photo taken at the same time as the top photo above. However, we couldn’t get Bronco to sit still between Baylor and Baby.
Bronco is standing at the kitchen entrance, and our new little dark brown and white puppy is sitting in front of him.
In this photo our Leonberger dog Bronco is eleven and a half years old, and we had acquired a new puppy, a mini-Australian Shepherd by the name Rollo.

One thing all our dogs loved was going for a car ride. The big dogs loved sticking their heads out the window and feeling the wind in their faces. The little dogs loved going places. And they all loved looking at the passing scenery. Oh, the things you can see when you’re “ridin’ in the car, car,” as the Woody Guthrie song goes!

There were some sights that got the dogs especially excited. They would bark if they saw people working on roofs or riding bicycles, for example. They would become even more animated if we got close to a dog park or a McDonald’s drive-through window. (That might have been because sometimes we bought them snacks at the McDonald’s drive-through.)

One time when I was taking Bronco, Baylor, and Baby to the dog park, a car passing me slowed down and started driving right next to me. I looked over, slightly annoyed, and saw that the people in the car were pointing at us and laughing. I was thinking, “What is their problem?” Then I glanced back at the dogs and realized that we did look funny. Bronco was sitting in the front passenger seat with his head close to the roof, looking majestic. Baylor and Baby were sitting in their own seats in the back. They probably looked like human passengers from a distance, but as the people in the car got closer, they realized that the heads weren’t human heads but dogs’ heads and burst out laughing.

I can add that most of the time we put the dogs in the back of our van or SUV but since they preferred to sit on a seat like humans do, we started letting them sit on the seats. If you let them sit on the seats you need to attach them to the car seat latch using dog safety restraint (dog seat belt). Sometimes, the dogs wanted to drive but it is difficult to get a driver license for a dog in Texas. In the picture below Rollo did not really drive the car. I used that photo for an April 1st joke.

Our mini-Australian Shepherd Rollo is driving a car. He is coming back from a visit to grandma and grandpa.

From Pete Springer (see comments) I got this YouTube video featuring 13 funny and cute Subaru commericals showing dogs driving cars.

My Other Responses to Esther’s Prompts

Is it difficult to get a dog driver license where you live ?

Virtual Book Blast for Balance of Nature by Jacqui Murray

A black banner showing the silhouette of a woman holding an arrow and small picture of the front cover of the book Balance of Nature by Jacqui Murray. There are also pictures of a wolf and a fire. In the middle it says, “Balance of Nature Book Launch”.

Today, I am delighted to welcome the very talented author, Jacqui Murray, with her latest novel in the Savage Land Book series, Balance of Nature.

When I was a teenager, I read a few of Jean M. Auels novels about pre-historic humans.  I loved them and I saw the movie. Now I am reading Jacqui Murray’s novels about pre-historic humans. Jacqui Murray’s books are even more fascinating and very realistic and well researched. This post is part of a Book Launch series for Balance of Nature held February 2-13, 2026. There is more information here.

This is black square picture showing the silhouette of a woman holding an arrow. There is text that says, “Balance of Nature Book Launch”. In addition, it says “Written by Jacqui Murray, February 2-13, 2026, Articles, Interviews, Meet new writers.”

Summary

A tribe haunted by the past. Lies that threaten the future. A reason to find the truth.

Savage Land is the third trilogy about prehistoric man in the series, Man. Vs. Nature. Savage Land explores how two bands of humans survived one of the worst natural disasters in Earth’s history, when volcanic eruptions darkened the sky, massive tsunamis crossed the ocean in crushing waves, and raging fires burned the land. Viral tribes of Neanderthals and early man considered themselves apex predators, but that crown belonged to Nature and she was intent on washing the two-legged blight from her lands.

In Balance of Nature, Book Three of the trilogy, Yu’ung’s Neanderthal tribe hopes to settle at Gibraltar but instead find unexpected threats and lethal challenges.

Follow the courageous Yu’ung, the determined Kazeb, the mystical Shanadar, and the pawed-and-clawed Canis as they navigate a perilous world of tribal conflict, unexplained visions, and shifting loyalties. Their journey is a testament to the resilience and strength of true leadership in a sweeping saga that ultimately leads to who we are today.

Book information:

Genre: Prehistoric fiction

Editor: Anneli Purchase

  • To purchase the kindle version of the book, click here
  • To purchase the paperback version of the book, click here
The front cover shows a huge coastal mountain in the background. There are also people (Neanderthals) with spears and wild seacoast with large waves. The author’s name Jacqui Murray and the title Balance of Nature is shown in large text. There is additional text stating “A Tribe Haunted by the past. Lies that threaten the future. A reason to find the truth. Savage Land ... Book 3”.
Front cover of Balance of Nature by Jacqui Murray. Click here, or click on the picture to visit the Amazon page for the paperback version of the book.

Balance of Nature trailer

Excerpt: Chapter 1

75,000 years ago

The area we now call Gibraltar

Shouts woke the brothers from their sleep.

“A boat—on the Endless Sea! Headed toward us!”

At night? How is that possible? But Kazeb didn’t ask because it didn’t matter. What mattered was that it was there.

He and Turk had waited long for this news, Kazeb with excitement, Turk with dread. Without discussion, they raced across the grassland, leapt over crevices, the width familiar even in the dark, and then scrambled up Big Rock’s knobby flank, grabbing tiny ledges with their fingers and toes with a speed mountain goats would envy. The behemoth’s height dwarfed all hills on the peninsula save the distant, towering range that separated it from others.

The brothers summited the crest and crouched behind a thick patch of scrub at the cliff’s edge. The brisk breeze atop the promontory whipped Kazeb’s hair around. He clenched his fists, gritted his teeth so tightly he should have broken a tooth, and waited for the vague elongated shadow on the water’s inky surface to reveal its intentions.

Is it them? He glanced at his brother’s square face. Turk thinks it is.

Sun’s steady arrival slowly erased the dark, made the sea shimmer in shades of blue as waves crashed against the coastline. Just below the surface, under the foam, were sharp shoals. Any boat must tediously avoid these, better yet, continue down the shore where there was no risk, unless they knew of the sole safe mooring used by natives and those they shared the location with, like they did with the Tall Ones from long ago.

Turk hissed, “It’s them, Liis.”

The Clan called him Liis, but he preferred “Kazeb,” the name awarded him when he agreed to guide the Tall One Fierce to the sea’s end. That was far beyond anywhere he had ever traveled, but Fierce claimed Kazeb’s knowledge of the area was invaluable.

“We can’t tell who is onboard, Turk,” he said, though who else knew of the hidden cove?

Kazeb rose and scanned a full circle, hoping whoever came on that craft wasn’t looking up here.

“What are you doing, Liis?”

“I need to see if they’re alone, or do more come from other directions.”

Flat grassland bordered one flank of the promontory, water the rest. Sun’s earliest rays colored the sky in pinks and blues. Birds plummeted into the crystalline water. Fish with no desire to be food dove. Farther away, pigs rooted through the stubble and a herd of deer feasted on ever-abundant fresh young shoots, protected by the range of mountains from unexpected predators.

When we finish, that’s where we will go.

He turned back to the shoreless sea. Visible on clear days, a faint brown outline shadowed the horizon, what the Tall One Fierce had called home.

Turk said, “They knew enough to stay in the calm waterswhen darkness arrived, to avoid the underwater shoals.”

Sun broke above the horizon, telling the boat it was safe to continue. The craft nimbly skirted the shoals, aiming for the spot a similar vessel had beached long ago. Kazeb gripped his spear tighter. Fierce had promised to return once his exploration was completed. Kazeb trusted his word, but the more time passed, the more he wondered if he had been lied to.

“Liis!” Turk interrupted his reverie. “There is another boat, behind the first!”  

Now Kazeb saw it. Both prows plowed through the water, their shapes clear in the sunlight. Shivers ran through Kazeb.

These aren’t like Fierce’s craft … but we have seen no one from that direction either by sea or foot.

Kazeb studied the gaggle of Uprights, their bold stripes, the confident stance of the slender male in the bow of the front boat. All fit his recollections of the Tall One band. His gaze drifted to the back boat, a shorter stockier figure at the prow.

Is he Fierce’s guide? My replacement? But why would he be behind Fierce?

Legs wide for balance, sunlight glinting off flame-red hair, the sturdy figure scanned the Big Rock. To Kazeb’s surprise, his gaze paused at the clump of brush where the brothers hid. He couldn’t see them, of course. Both had mudded their skin and squinted to keep Sun’s glare off their eyes. Still, the figure shouted to One-who-might-be-Fierce and pointed.

Turk gurgled, “Are they looking for us? But why come back here, considering what they did?”

“We don’t know for sure—”

“Who else would it be?” Turk’s voice a strangled yelp.

They argued this question often. The Clan Healer originally thought the deadly illness had been caused by insects or a toxin in the air, but before he died, he admitted an individual could have poisoned the members’ food and water. Who could say?

Kazeb didn’t bother to reply, busy admiring the vessel’s sleek profile, so unlike the Clan’s flatter, smaller ones. The sailors effortlessly beached it at the base of the monstrous rock where the brothers hid.

Voice fiery, Turk hissed, “Our destiny has arrived, why we survive and the rest died.”

Author Bio

Jacqui Murray is the author of the popular prehistoric fiction saga, Man vs. Nature which explores seminal events in man’s evolution one trilogy at a time. She is also author of the Rowe-Delamagente thrillers and Building a Midshipman , the story of her daughter’s journey from high school to United States Naval Academy. Her non-fiction includes 100+ books on tech into education, and a freelance journalist on tech ed topics.

Author’s Social Media Contacts

Click on the links below to visit the author’s media

What should I do about AI?

A woman on a red background says, “What should I do about AI”

This is a bonus section about AI provided by Jacqui Murray

In 2024, readers crave more than just a passive experience. Interactive storytelling has become a significant trend, allowing readers to actively participate in shaping the narrative. With the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), stories are no longer confined to the pages of a book. Authors are experimenting with immersive experiences, creating narratives that respond to reader choices, making each journey through the story a unique adventure. Here are a few quick guidelines:

  • Use AI as an assistant, not as a replacement
  • Check everything AI does. It’s not perfect. Don’t expect it to be something it isn’t.
  • Be legal and ethical in your AI use. Confess to its use (like in your Kindle publications) when necessary. Don’t try to hide it.
  • Protect your privacy–don’t share personal information.
  • Assume AI-generated images can now be reverse-searched and tied back to you in some cases.
  • Voice cloning only needs 5–30 seconds of audio—don’t post long clear voice notes publicly if you’re worried about impersonation.

What are your tips?

Scandinavian Folklore Guest Post 2 on LatinosUSA

Robbie Cheadle posted the second part of my guest post on Scandinavian Folklore on LatinosUSA. LatinosUSA is a wonderful online magazine/blog featuring poetry, stories and all kinds of interesting content from around the world. She also included a great review of my Leonberger book Le Life and Times of Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle, and I am very grateful for that.

Classic Books and Poems – Myths, Legends, Poems, and Books: Scandinavian Folklore with Thomas Wikman Part 2

Only Kill the Evil Ones a Book Review

This is a Leonberger blog but sometimes I post about books that are not about Leonbergers but are books that I love and want to promote. This is another one of those posts. I recently read a brand new release, “That’s What Partners Do (Fourth book of An Outlaw’s Tale Series)” Paperback version – by Sara Flower Kjeldsen. It is a western featuring female gunslingers. Below I am giving an overview of the two formats for the book.

  • Paperback –  Publisher : Independently published (January 13, 2026), ASIN : B0GFJ2H8HL, ISBN-13 :  979-8242992252, 262 pages, Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 12.6 ounces, dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.6 x 9 inches, it cost $19.99 on US Amazon. Click here to order it from Amazon.com.
  • Kindle – Publisher : Independently published (January 10, 2026), ASIN : B0GDRQZBKV, 214 pages. It is currently $3.99 or free with Kindle Unlimited. Click here to order it from Amazon.com.
The title and author and a picture of showing a Stetson hat and running horses.
Front cover of That’s What Partners Do by Sara Flower Kjeldsen. Click here or on the picture to visit the Amazon.com page for the paperback version of the book.

Amazon’s description of the book

Sally has created a unique life for herself, but when a mission goes wrong, she’s forced to flee and leave everything behind – again. Her partner in crime, Jeremy, rides with her on a risky journey back to her hometown. While they’ve worked together for years completing missions in the darkness, they know little about one another.

She’s forced to face the past she doesn’t want to remember – and a sister she hasn’t seen in years. Her future plans are disrupted when she and her sister are kidnapped by an outlaw gang.

Will they escape, or is a dark new future waiting for them?

This is my five-star review for That’s What Partners Do by Sara Flower Kjeldsen

Only Kill the Evil Ones

I read the paperback version of this book, the fourth in a series about female outlaws in the wild west. They are Mary, Lydia and Sally. This book is focused on Sally, but all three women make appearances. These women are not evil, but they are skilled gunslingers who encounter cruel and evil men and are forced to defend themselves or innocent women and other people. As Sally, says, “I only kill the evil ones. I have never murdered an innocent person.“ Sally, is an interesting, brave, and tough character who is fascinated by tornadoes.

Sally and her partner in crime, Jeremy, are forced to leave everything behind and go on a risky journey back to her hometown. Along the way there are mishaps, tornadoes, they come across bandits and they have a terrifying encounter with human traffickers who kidnap women. Some of the adventures are breathtaking and scary nailbiters and I often found it impossible to put down the book. This book is a little different from the other ones in the series in the sense that most of the main characters in the series are showing up in the book. There is also steamy romance and extensive character development.

Like all the books in the series the book brings attention to the difficulties women faced back in the day while at the same time depicting women as strong and tough. The stories are fun and captivating while depicting gritty realism, violence, and sometimes moral ambiguity. It all makes for a great read, and I highly recommend this book.

Photo of Sara Flower Kjeldsen and the text of the Amazon description of the book.
Back cover of That’s What Partners Do by Sara Flower Kjeldsen. Click here or the picture to visit the Amazon.com page for the kindle version of the book.

About Sara Flower Kjeldsen

Sara is a Canadian multi-genre author who loves tea and adventures. This is a list of her published books https://saraflower.ca/my-published-books/

Other Books by Sara Flower Kjeldsen that I’ve reviewed

Caring for Aging Leonbergers

Photo of a Leonberger lying on a leather sofa with my book leaning towards his chest.
An old Canadian Leonberger called Mak with my book The Life and Times of Le Bronco von der Löwenhöhle. Photo by Debbie Ireland.
Like most very large dogs Leonbergers don’t live very long. Our Leonberger Bronco got his Grey-Muzzle award from the Leonberger Health Foundation International for reaching the age of 12 years old and thus giving hope for a longer life to all Leonbergers.

This is a guest post written by Ryan Goodchild. He emailed me asking me if he could publish this post regarding caring for aging Leonberger. I said yes. I am very grateful to Ryan for his contribution. I added the photos. See his post below.

Caring for Aging Leonbergers: Gentle Stewardship for a Noble Breed

Leonbergers are among the most majestic of dogs, gentle giants with deep eyes and a noble temperament. Yet as they age, their impressive size can make the journey into senior years more complex. Providing attentive, structured care can extend both their lifespan and their sense of ease.

Key Takeways

  • Large breeds like Leonbergers face an earlier onset of joint and heart issues; early detection matters.
  • Routine, low-impact exercise sustains mobility without strain.
  • Dietary adjustments can prevent unnecessary weight gain and inflammation.
  • Organized health tracking improves coordination with veterinarians.
  • Emotional stability and routine help aging Leonbergers thrive.
The photo shows an old Leonberger dog lying on green grass. He is looking into the camera.
Bronco our Leonberger dog is taking a rest during a walk. He is twelve and a half years old.

Movement, Moderation, and Mindful Play

As Leonbergers age, mobility becomes one of the first visible signs of change. These dogs are stoic by nature, and they’ll often mask discomfort until it’s advanced. Structured daily activity, rather than long or sporadic walks, helps maintain joint lubrication and muscle tone. Before implementing the list below, remember: consistency outperforms intensity in senior dogs.

  • Short, frequent walks instead of long treks
  • Gentle swimming or hydrotherapy to maintain strength
  • Orthopedic support beds to reduce pressure on hips
  • Warm-ups and cool-downs before and after activity
  • Avoid stairs and slippery floors
A photo of our Leonberger lying on our green lawn. There are trees and bushes in the background.
Our Leonberger Bronco taking a resting in the grass in our backyard.

The Nutrition Shift: Balancing Strength and Weight

Proper nutrition is the most controllable lever for supporting your Leonberger’s aging body. Senior diets should favor lean protein, omega fatty acids, and joint-supportive ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin. Maintaining a stable weight relieves stress on the joints and heart, critical in large breeds prone to orthopedic and cardiac issues.

Before introducing supplements or new foods, ask your vet for metabolic screening. Senior metabolism slows down, and caloric needs can drop by 20–30%.

Our Leonberger dog Bronco is standing in front of me and looking straight into the camera. I am sitting down.
Our old Leonberger dog Bronco is coming up to me. Maybe it is dinner time.

Organized Health Tracking for Long-Term Comfort

Keeping your Leonberger’s medical and health information in one place transforms how you coordinate care, especially across multiple veterinarians or specialists. When you can easily review past test results, medication schedules, or dietary shifts, you reduce oversight risks and improve continuity of care. Centralized documentation also helps detect subtle changes over time, like gradual increases in kidney markers or weight fluctuations.

For this reason, an online PDF platform like this is worth a look.It offers practical tools to manage your pet’s documents in PDF form, and you can even convert, compress, edit, rotate, or reorder files. Keeping your records as PDFs ensures they’re universally accessible and easily shareable with any vet clinic.

Old Leonberger with a grey muzzle lying on the ground and looking into the camera.
Old Leonberger. Notice the gray muzzle. Stock Photo ID: 1844035084 by Daniel Lesk.

Create a Home Environment That Supports Aging

Leonbergers are emotional creatures, they notice routine disruptions and physical discomforts more than we realize. Making environmental adjustments will enhance both safety and serenity. Here’s a simple how-to checklist to start with:

➢ Schedule consistent feeding, exercise, and sleep times.

➢ Install nonslip rugs or mats along walking paths.

➢ Keep water bowls elevated to reduce neck strain.

➢ Adjust room temperatures; older dogs chill more easily.

➢Use gentle lighting to help those with fading vision.

➢ Offer mental enrichment through scent games or puzzle toys.

Two Leonbergers standing next to each other and wearing party headwear typical for a carnival.
Digory and Obi two aging Leonbergers. Notice the grey muzzles. Photo by Jen O’Keefe.

Early Detection Through Routine Screening

Veterinary visits every six months (instead of annually) are invaluable in the senior stage. They allow for the timely detection of thyroid imbalances, early arthritis, and cardiomyopathy, all common in Leonbergers. Blood pressure checks, urinalysis, and cardiac ultrasounds should be part of your preventive plan. Here’s a quick comparison of recommended tests for senior Leonbergers:

Test TypeFrequencyPurpose
Bloodwork & UrinalysisEvery 6 monthsDetect organ stress or metabolic changes
Orthopedic ExamYearlyIdentify joint deterioration early
EchocardiogramEvery 12–18 monthsScreen for dilated cardiomyopathy
Dental CleaningEvery 6–9 monthsPrevent systemic inflammation
Weight & Body ConditionMonthly at homeTrack obesity risk
A photo of our old Leonberger lying on the sidewalk.
Our Leonberger Bronco taking a break during a walk. He is old for a Leonberger. He is 12 years old and 10 months.

Emotional Presence: The Subtle Form of Care

Leonbergers thrive on companionship. As they age, separation anxiety or confusion can intensify, especially if cognitive decline begins. Maintain a calm household rhythm, avoid sudden relocations, and keep them close to family life. The reassurance of your presence often does more for their comfort than any supplement or therapy.

FAQ

  1. How often should I adjust my Leonberger’s diet as they age?
    Most dogs benefit from a nutritional review every 6–9 months, as caloric and protein needs change. Work with your vet to adjust based on body condition and lab values. Small, incremental changes prevent digestive upset and weight swings.
  2. What’s the right exercise level for an elderly Leonberger?
    Aim for multiple 10–15 minute walks daily and low-impact play. Overexertion accelerates joint wear, while too little activity causes stiffness and muscle loss. Observe recovery time after walks as your guide.
  3. Can joint supplements really help?
    Yes, glucosamine, MSM, and omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation and pain when used consistently. Results may take 4–8 weeks, so track improvements patiently. Always choose vet-approved formulations designed for large breeds.
  4. How do I recognize signs of cognitive decline?
    Look for pacing, confusion, or nighttime restlessness. These signs can mimic anxiety but often stem from age-related cognitive dysfunction. Specialized diets and enrichment can help slow progression.
  5. Is it okay to groom my senior Leonberger as before?
    Grooming is still essential, but adjust for comfort. Shorter sessions with frequent breaks reduce fatigue and stress. Keep nails trimmed to prevent balance issues and discomfort.
  6. When is it time to consider palliative or hospice care?
    When daily mobility, appetite, and emotional engagement decline significantly despite treatment, it may be time to focus on comfort. A quality-of-life assessment from your vet can guide compassionate decisions. The goal shifts from curing to easing.
The photo shows the face of Leonberger lying down.
Closeup of old Leonberger Stock Photo ID: 1942925251 by Wirestock Creators.

Conclusion

Caring for an aging Leonberger is both an art and an act of devotion. It’s about more than prolonging life, it’s about enriching every moment your dog still wants to share. With consistent monitoring, gentle activity, and a serene home rhythm, your Leonberger can continue to live with grace, dignity, and the steady comfort of your presence.